MARK 15:33-41
THE DEATH OF JESUS
BRIEF INTERPRETATION
Text – Mark 15:33–41
33 At noon darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon.
34 And at three o’clock Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” which is translated, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”
35 Some of the bystanders who heard it said, “Look, he is calling Elijah.”
36 One of them ran, soaked a sponge with wine, put it on a reed, and gave it to him to drink, saying, “Wait, let us see if Elijah comes to take him down.”
37 Jesus gave a loud cry and breathed his last.
38 The veil of the sanctuary was torn in two from top to bottom.
39 When the centurion who stood facing him saw how he breathed his last, he said, “Truly this man was the Son of God!”
40 There were also women looking on from a distance. Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of the younger James and of Joses, and Salome.
41 These women had followed him when he was in Galilee and ministered to him. There were also many other women who had come up with him to Jerusalem.
Historical and Jewish Context
From noon to three o’clock—traditionally the brightest part of the day—darkness covered the land, signifying both divine judgment and cosmic mourning. The phrase “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” comes from Psalm 22:1, a lament that ends in trust and victory, showing that even in His agony, Jesus prays with the words of Scripture. The misunderstanding of the bystanders, who thought He was calling Elijah, reflects a Jewish expectation that Elijah would return to assist the righteous. The tearing of the Temple veil—separating the Holy of Holies from the people—symbolizes the end of the old covenant and the opening of direct access to God through Christ’s sacrifice. The Roman centurion’s declaration, “Truly this man was the Son of God,” is a profound confession of faith from a Gentile, revealing that salvation is now extended to all nations. The women who witnessed His death represent the faithful discipleship that remained when others fled.
Catholic Theological Perspective
This passage marks the climax of salvation history. Jesus’ death fulfills the divine plan foretold by the prophets: the Lamb of God takes away the sins of the world. His cry of abandonment reveals the full depth of His human suffering, yet also His unbroken trust in the Father. Theologically, the tearing of the veil signifies that through Christ’s death, the separation between God and humanity caused by sin is removed. The Church sees in this moment the completion of the redemptive act—Christ’s self-offering on the Cross reconciles heaven and earth. His loud cry before death is not despair but a triumphant surrender: “Father, into Your hands I commend my spirit” (Luke 23:46). The centurion’s confession prefigures the Church’s faith and the conversion of the Gentiles. The presence of the women—especially Mary Magdalene—foreshadows their role as the first witnesses of the Resurrection.
Parallels in Scripture
Matthew 27:45–56 – Contains similar details, adding the earthquake and resurrection of the saints.
Luke 23:44–49 – Includes Jesus’ final words of trust to the Father.
John 19:28–30 – Adds “It is finished,” emphasizing the completion of His mission.
Psalm 22 – The prayer of the suffering servant fulfilled in Christ.
Hebrews 10:19–20 – “By the blood of Jesus we have confidence to enter the sanctuary.”
Key Terms
Darkness – Symbol of divine judgment, mourning, and the weight of sin borne by Christ.
Veil of the Temple – The barrier separating humanity from God, torn to signify reconciliation through Jesus.
Centurion – A Gentile soldier whose confession marks the universal reach of salvation.
Catholic Liturgical Significance
This passage is at the heart of the Good Friday liturgy, where the Passion is proclaimed and the faithful venerate the Cross. The Church meditates on the Seven Last Words of Christ, of which this cry from the Cross is one. The tearing of the veil is also symbolically echoed in the liturgy when the priest unveils the crucifix. The moment of Jesus’ death, observed at 3:00 p.m., is honored daily in the Divine Mercy devotion, the “Hour of Great Mercy.” The centurion’s confession is the model of faith proclaimed at every Mass: “Truly this man was the Son of God.”
Conclusion
In His death, Jesus transforms despair into redemption. The darkness of Calvary gives birth to the light of salvation. His cry of abandonment becomes the prayer of every soul that trusts God in suffering. The torn veil proclaims that God’s love is now fully revealed and accessible to all. From the cross flows forgiveness, grace, and the birth of the Church.
Reflection
Christ’s Passion teaches us that divine glory is hidden within human suffering. When we feel forsaken, His Cross assures us that God is nearest in our pain. Like the centurion, we are invited to gaze upon the crucified Lord and confess with faith: “Truly this man is the Son of God.”
Prayer
Lord Jesus, as You breathed Your last for our salvation, we adore Your infinite love. In our moments of darkness, remind us that Your Cross is the light that never fades. May Your death open our hearts to mercy, strengthen our faith, and unite us forever to You, who live and reign with the Father in glory. Amen.
DETAILED INTERPRETATION
INTRODUCTION
Mark 15:33–41 brings us to the climax of the Passion, as Jesus hangs on the cross from noon until three in the afternoon. In Jewish understanding, darkness at midday symbolized divine judgment or a moment of profound cosmic significance. Jesus’ cry, “My God, my God, why have You forsaken me?” echoes Psalm 22, a prayer familiar to Jewish hearers that begins in anguish but ends in trust and hope. This cry reveals the depth of Jesus’ suffering as He fully enters into the human experience of abandonment and pain.
Historically, this moment reveals both concealment and revelation. While many misunderstand Jesus’ cry and mock Him further, extraordinary signs accompany His death: the tearing of the Temple veil signifies the end of separation between God and humanity. The Roman centurion’s confession—“Truly this man was the Son of God”—marks a profound reversal, as a Gentile soldier recognizes what many religious leaders refuse to see. Faithful women remain present, witnessing in silence and love when most disciples have fled.
Mark 15:33 — “And when the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.”
This verse marks a profound turning point in the Passion. As Jesus hangs on the Cross, creation itself responds. From the sixth hour (about noon) to the ninth hour (about three in the afternoon), darkness covers the land. In the brightest part of the day, light is withdrawn. Nature bears witness to the gravity of what is unfolding.
Darkness in Scripture often signifies judgment, mourning, or the mysterious presence of God. Here it signals both cosmic sorrow and divine action. The light of the world is being extinguished by human hands, and the world responds in silence and shadow. This is not mere absence of light, but a sign that something beyond human comprehension is taking place.
This verse teaches that the Cross is not only a human event but a cosmic one. All creation is involved when the Creator suffers. The darkness invites reverence, repentance, and awe.
Historical and Jewish Context
The sixth to ninth hours were the brightest hours of the day, making the darkness especially striking.
In Jewish tradition, darkness often accompanied divine judgment or revelation (cf. Exod 10:21–23; Amos 8:9).
The ninth hour was also the time of the afternoon Temple sacrifice.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse signifies the weight of sin borne by Christ and the mysterious judgment taking place at the Cross. The Church teaches that Jesus enters the deepest darkness of human sin and death to redeem it from within (CCC 603, 616).
Spiritually, the darkness invites believers to contemplate the seriousness of sin and the depth of Christ’s love, which enters even the darkest places for our salvation.
Key Terms
Sixth hour — noon
Darkness — judgment and mourning
Whole land — universal impact
Ninth hour — time of sacrifice
Conclusion
Mark 15:33 reveals creation mourning its Creator. As darkness covers the land, the world stands still before the mystery of the Cross, where sin is confronted and mercy is poured out.
Reflection
How do I respond to moments of darkness in my faith or life? Can I trust that God is at work even when light seems absent?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, You entered the darkness of suffering and death for love of us. When I walk through times of darkness, help me to trust that Your saving work continues, even when I cannot see the light. Amen.
Mark 15:34 — “And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, ‘Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?’ which means, ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’”
This verse draws us into the deepest mystery of the Cross. After hours of darkness and silence, Jesus cries out—not in weakness, but with a loud voice. His suffering reaches its most intense point, and He gives expression to it through prayer.
Jesus’ cry is the opening line of Psalm 22, a psalm that begins in anguish but ends in trust and vindication. By praying these words, Jesus enters fully into the experience of human abandonment while remaining united to the Father. He does not cease to call God “My God.” Even in desolation, relationship endures.
This is not a cry of despair, but of identification. Jesus takes upon Himself the loneliness, fear, and seeming absence of God experienced by humanity. He stands in solidarity with all who have ever felt forsaken. In doing so, He transforms abandonment into prayer and suffering into offering.
This verse teaches that faith does not eliminate anguish. Even the Son prays through darkness. God is not absent—but He allows His Son to taste the full weight of human suffering so that no one suffers alone.
Historical and Jewish Context
Aramaic was the everyday spoken language of Jesus, making this cry deeply personal and intimate.
Psalm 22 was well known in Jewish prayer. Its opening lament would immediately call the entire psalm to mind, including its ultimate hope and praise.
Public prayer aloud was common in Jewish devotion, especially in moments of distress.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse expresses the mystery of Christ bearing the consequences of sin without Himself sinning. The Church teaches that Jesus experienced abandonment in His human soul while remaining perfectly united to the Father (CCC 603).
Spiritually, this verse comforts believers who experience spiritual dryness or abandonment. Christ has entered that experience and sanctified it.
Key Terms
Ninth hour — time of sacrifice
Cried with a loud voice — conscious offering
Eloi, Eloi — intimate prayer
Forsaken — human experience of abandonment
Conclusion
Mark 15:34 reveals the heart of the Passion. Jesus enters the depths of human suffering and cries out in prayer. In that cry, every wounded soul finds its voice—and its hope.
Reflection
When I feel abandoned or unheard, do I still turn to God in prayer? Can I trust that Christ understands my deepest anguish?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, You cried out in anguish so that I would never suffer alone. When I feel forsaken or overwhelmed, help me to pray with trust, knowing that You are with me even in the darkest hour. Amen.
Mark 15:35 — “And some of the bystanders hearing it said, ‘Behold, he is calling Elijah.’”
This verse reveals how misunderstanding continues even at the foot of the Cross. Jesus’ cry of prayer is misinterpreted by some bystanders as a call for Elijah. The similarity between “Eloi” and “Elijah” in sound leads to confusion—but more deeply, it reveals hearts that are listening without understanding.
Elijah was expected, according to Jewish belief, to return before the coming of the Messiah. The bystanders interpret Jesus’ suffering through their expectations rather than through faith. Instead of recognizing prayer, they hear spectacle. Instead of reverence, curiosity.
This verse teaches how easily divine communication can be misunderstood when filtered through assumptions rather than openness. Even sacred words can be misheard when hearts are not attuned to God.
Historical and Jewish Context
Elijah was believed to be a forerunner of the Messiah (cf. Mal 4:5).
In Jewish tradition, Elijah was also associated with divine rescue and intervention, especially in moments of distress.
Public executions attracted spectators, many of whom interpreted events through rumor and expectation rather than discernment.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse highlights the persistence of spiritual blindness. The Church teaches that faith requires openness and grace; without them, even clear signs can be misunderstood (CCC 547).
Spiritually, the verse challenges believers to listen deeply to Christ, especially in moments of suffering, rather than projecting expectations onto Him.
Key Terms
Bystanders — casual observers
Hearing — superficial listening
Calling Elijah — misunderstanding
Conclusion
Mark 15:35 shows how close one can be to the Cross and still miss its meaning. Misunderstanding replaces reverence when hearts are not open to God’s voice.
Reflection
Do I truly listen to Christ’s words, especially in difficult moments, or do I interpret Him through my own expectations? How can I grow in deeper spiritual attentiveness?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, open my ears and heart to hear You truly. Help me not to misunderstand Your voice, especially when You speak through suffering, silence, or mystery. Amen.
Mark 15:36 — “And one ran and, filling a sponge full of vinegar, put it on a reed and gave it to him to drink, saying, ‘Wait, let us see whether Elijah will come to take him down.’”
This verse shows a final moment of human response to Jesus’ suffering—one that is mixed with curiosity, misunderstanding, and cruelty. Someone runs to give Jesus vinegar (sour wine), not purely out of compassion, but within the atmosphere of mockery and spectacle. The act is ambiguous: it appears helpful, yet it is framed by taunting words.
The use of a reed echoes earlier mockery, when a reed was used as a false scepter and then as a weapon. Even acts that resemble mercy are entangled with ridicule. The bystanders are not focused on Jesus’ suffering, but on whether a dramatic intervention will occur. Suffering becomes entertainment.
Yet once again, Scripture is being fulfilled. The offering of vinegar recalls Psalm 69:21: “for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.” What humans do casually or mockingly, God weaves into His redemptive plan.
This verse teaches that even half-hearted or confused human actions are not outside God’s providence. Christ receives everything—mockery, misunderstanding, and pain—and transforms it into obedience.
Historical and Jewish Context
Sour wine was commonly drunk by Roman soldiers and laborers and was readily available at executions.
Using a sponge on a reed was practical, but the reed also carried symbolic weight from earlier mockery.
Expectations about Elijah returning to rescue the righteous shaped the crowd’s reaction.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse highlights Christ’s fulfillment of Scripture even in His final moments. The Church teaches that Jesus consciously embraced suffering in obedience to the Father, completing the Scriptures that foretold the Messiah’s Passion (CCC 599, 618).
Spiritually, the verse invites believers to examine their own responses to suffering—whether they approach it with compassion or curiosity, reverence or detachment.
Key Terms
Ran — urgency mixed with spectacle
Vinegar — suffering fulfilled in Scripture
Reed — continued mockery
Wait and see — curiosity without faith
Conclusion
Mark 15:36 shows suffering observed rather than understood. Yet even in misunderstanding, God’s word is fulfilled. Jesus receives the vinegar not as relief, but as part of His complete self-offering.
Reflection
How do I respond to the suffering of others—with true compassion or distant curiosity? Do I recognize Christ’s suffering presence in those who are hurting?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, even in Your final moments You accepted all that was given to You for love of us. Teach me to respond to suffering with compassion and faith, and to recognize Your presence in every moment of pain and need. Amen.
Mark 15:37 — “And Jesus uttered a loud cry, and breathed his last.”
This verse records the moment of Jesus’ death with profound simplicity and dignity. The Crucifixion reaches its climax not in silence, but in a loud cry. Jesus does not fade away in weakness; He actively gives His life. His death is not taken from Him—it is offered.
The phrase “breathed his last” echoes the gift of breath at creation. As the Father once breathed life into humanity, the Son now releases His breath back to the Father. What is surrendered is not only physical life, but the mission entrusted to Him. The work of redemption is completed in obedience and love.
This verse teaches that Jesus’ death is an act of will and trust. Even in dying, He remains sovereign. Love carries Him to the end, and the Cross becomes the place where death itself is defeated.
Historical and Jewish Context
Crucifixion usually caused prolonged suffering and death by asphyxiation, often with victims dying slowly and quietly.
Jesus’ loud cry distinguishes His death, suggesting strength and conscious surrender rather than collapse.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse marks the moment of Christ’s saving sacrifice. The Church teaches that Jesus freely offered His life on the Cross as the perfect sacrifice for sin (CCC 609, 613–614).
Spiritually, the verse invites believers to contemplate Christ’s total trust in the Father and to unite their own deaths—daily and final—to His offering.
Key Terms
Loud cry — conscious surrender
Breathed his last — completion of mission
Conclusion
Mark 15:37 reveals the moment love gives everything. Jesus cries out and entrusts His life to the Father. Death does not conquer Him—He conquers death through obedience and self-giving love.
Reflection
How do I respond to moments of surrender in my life? Can I entrust myself to God with the same confidence Christ shows at the Cross?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, You gave Your life freely out of love for me. Teach me to trust the Father completely, especially in moments of loss, surrender, and fear. May my life and death be united with Yours. Amen.
Mark 15:38 — “And the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom.”
This verse reveals the immediate divine response to the death of Jesus. At the very moment He breathes His last, the curtain of the Temple is torn—not by human hands, but from top to bottom. What was once closed is now opened. What was once restricted is now made accessible.
The Temple curtain separated the Holy of Holies—the dwelling place of God’s presence—from the rest of the Temple. Only the high priest could enter, and only once a year. Its tearing signifies a decisive change in humanity’s relationship with God. Through the death of Christ, the barrier between God and humanity is removed. Access to God is no longer limited by ritual, place, or priesthood, but opened through the sacrifice of the Son.
This verse teaches that Jesus’ death inaugurates a new covenant. Worship is no longer centered on a building, but on a Person. Christ Himself becomes the meeting place between God and humanity.
Historical and Jewish Context
The Temple curtain was massive and thick, symbolizing separation between God’s holiness and human sin.
The tearing of the veil would have been seen as shocking and deeply symbolic to Jewish worshipers, signaling divine action.
This occurs at the time of the afternoon sacrifice, reinforcing the connection between Christ’s death and true atonement.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse signifies the end of the Old Covenant sacrificial system and the beginning of the New Covenant in Christ. The Church teaches that through Jesus’ sacrifice, believers now have direct access to the Father (CCC 586, 614).
Spiritually, the torn veil invites believers into intimacy with God. No barrier remains except the one we place ourselves.
Key Terms
Curtain of the temple — separation from God
Torn in two — access opened
From top to bottom — divine action
Conclusion
Mark 15:38 proclaims that Christ’s death changes everything. The barrier is torn, access is granted, and God invites humanity into His presence through the Cross.
Reflection
Do I live as someone who has access to God through Christ? What fears or habits still make me feel distant from Him?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, by Your death You opened the way to the Father. Help me to live with confidence in Your mercy and to enter God’s presence with faith, gratitude, and love. Amen.
Mark 15:39 — “And when the centurion, who stood facing him, saw that he thus breathed his last, he said, ‘Truly this man was the Son of God!’”
This verse stands as a stunning confession of faith at the foot of the Cross. The first human being in Mark’s Gospel to proclaim Jesus as “the Son of God” after His death is not a disciple, not a priest, not a member of Israel—but a Roman centurion, a Gentile executioner.
The centurion stood facing him. He does not turn away in fear or indifference. He watches how Jesus dies—not with curses, panic, or collapse, but with dignity, authority, and surrender. It is not miracles or power that convince him, but the manner of Jesus’ death. In that moment, the Cross becomes revelation.
This verse teaches that true faith is born not from spectacle, but from encounter. The centurion sees love poured out to the end—and recognizes divine sonship. The Gospel that began with the proclamation “Jesus Christ, the Son of God” (Mark 1:1) now finds its human echo at the Cross.
Historical and Jewish Context
A centurion was a Roman officer in charge of about one hundred soldiers, experienced in death and execution.
Gentiles were generally excluded from full participation in Jewish worship, making this confession especially significant.
In Roman culture, extraordinary deaths were sometimes associated with divine favor—but this confession goes far beyond superstition, pointing to true faith.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse reveals the universality of salvation. The Church teaches that Christ died for all, and that faith in Him is open to Jew and Gentile alike (CCC 423, 440, 545).
Spiritually, the centurion represents every believer who comes to recognize Christ through the mystery of the Cross. Faith arises where love is truly seen.
Key Terms
Centurion — Gentile witness
Facing him — attentive encounter
Breathed his last — sacrificial death
Son of God — true identity confessed
Conclusion
Mark 15:39 reveals the Cross as the place of revelation. As Jesus dies, a Gentile soldier proclaims what many could not see: this Crucified One is truly the Son of God.
Reflection
What do I see when I look at the Cross—failure or revelation? How does Christ’s manner of loving to the end deepen my faith?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, crucified and revealed as the Son of God, open my eyes to recognize You in the mystery of the Cross. May Your self-giving love deepen my faith and lead me to confess You with courage and trust. Amen.
Mark 15:40 — “There were also women looking on from a distance; among them were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salome.”
This verse gently shifts the scene from death to faithful presence. While many have fled, a group of women remain. They stand “at a distance,” not because of indifference, but because fear, danger, and social limits restrain them. Yet they do not abandon Jesus. They remain witnesses when hope appears lost.
These women had followed Jesus during His ministry and now accompany Him in death. Their fidelity is quiet, not dramatic—but it is steadfast. They do not mock, accuse, or demand signs. They watch. In a moment when discipleship seems to have failed publicly, it survives in silent faithfulness.
This verse teaches that true discipleship often endures in hidden ways. When power collapses and words fail, love remains present.
Historical and Jewish Context
Women in first-century Judaism had limited public roles and were often excluded from legal testimony.
Standing at executions was dangerous, especially for known associates of the condemned.
Mary Magdalene and the other women are consistently portrayed in the Gospels as faithful followers from Galilee.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse highlights the role of women as faithful witnesses to the Passion and Resurrection. The Church teaches that these women model persevering discipleship and attentive love (CCC 641).
Spiritually, the verse invites believers to value presence over power. Staying with Christ in suffering is itself an act of profound faith.
Key Terms
Looking on — faithful witnessing
From a distance — constrained courage
Women — persevering disciples
Named followers — historical witnesses
Conclusion
Mark 15:40 reveals that when others leave, love stays. The women at the Cross show that faith does not always speak—it watches, waits, and remains.
Reflection
Do I remain with Christ when faith feels costly or powerless? How can I practice faithful presence in moments of suffering or uncertainty?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, give me the quiet courage of the women at the Cross. When I cannot act or speak, help me to remain with You in love, trust, and faithful presence. Amen.
Mark 15:41 — “These used to follow him and provided for him when he was in Galilee; and there were many other women who had come up with him to Jerusalem.”
This verse deepens our understanding of the women who remain faithful at the Cross. Their presence is not accidental or momentary. They had followed Jesus during His ministry and provided for Him—a quiet but essential form of discipleship. Long before the Cross, they had committed their lives, resources, and energy to His mission.
Mark emphasizes continuity: the women who stand near the Cross are the same women who walked with Jesus in Galilee. Their discipleship was consistent, practical, and sacrificial. While others sought positions or recognition, these women served. Their faith expressed itself not in words, but in sustained generosity and loyalty.
This verse teaches that authentic discipleship is often hidden and sustained over time. Those who serve quietly are often the ones who remain when public enthusiasm fades.
Historical and Jewish Context
Women often supported rabbis and teachers through hospitality and material assistance.
Traveling from Galilee to Jerusalem for Passover was demanding and costly, indicating serious commitment.
Women were rarely acknowledged as disciples, making Mark’s explicit recognition of their role striking and intentional.
Catholic Theological Perspective
From a Catholic perspective, this verse affirms the dignity and vocation of women in the life of the Church. The Church teaches that service, generosity, and fidelity are authentic forms of discipleship (CCC 873, 905).
Spiritually, the verse invites believers to examine the consistency of their faith—not only in moments of devotion, but across the whole journey of life.
Key Terms
Followed him — true discipleship
Provided for him — sacrificial service
In Galilee — long-term fidelity
Many other women — community of faith
Conclusion
Mark 15:41 honors the quiet strength of faithful disciples. The women who served Jesus in life now stand by Him in death, showing that love rooted in service endures to the end.
Reflection
Is my discipleship consistent, or only present in moments of enthusiasm? How can I grow in faithful service that endures through difficulty and uncertainty?
Prayer
Lord Jesus, You were supported and followed by faithful women who served You with love. Teach me to follow You with the same perseverance, generosity, and quiet fidelity, in both joy and suffering. Amen.
CONCLUSION
For believers today, Mark 15:33–41 invites us to contemplate the mystery of redemptive suffering. Jesus’ death reveals that God is present even in moments of deepest darkness. When we experience suffering, silence, or feelings of abandonment, Christ has already entered those depths with us. The cross assures us that pain is not meaningless when united with God’s love.
This passage also challenges us to faithful discipleship. Like the women at the cross, we are called to remain present with Christ in suffering—our own and that of others. True faith perseveres not only in moments of glory, but also in silence and sorrow. From the cross flows new life, reconciliation, and hope for all who trust in Christ.
PRAYER
Lord Jesus, in the darkness of the cross You gave Your life for us. When we face suffering or feel abandoned, help us to trust in the Father as You did. Draw us closer to the mystery of Your love poured out for the world. Strengthen us to remain faithful, standing with You at the cross, until we share in the joy of resurrection. Amen.