LUKE 22:21–23
THE BETRAYER AMONG THE APOSTLES
Text – Luke 22:21–23
21 “And yet behold, the hand of the one who is to betray me is with me on the table;
22 for the Son of Man indeed goes as it has been determined; but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed.”
23 And they began to debate among themselves who among them would do such a deed.
Historical and Jewish Context
This moment unfolds within the intimacy of the Last Supper, immediately after the institution of the Eucharist. Sharing a table in Jewish culture signified fellowship, trust, and covenantal unity. To betray someone at table was considered a grave violation of loyalty and friendship. Jesus’ reference to “the Son of Man” situates His coming Passion within God’s salvific plan, already foretold in Scripture. At the same time, the warning pronounced upon the betrayer affirms personal moral responsibility. The disciples’ confusion and self-questioning reveal the shock and sorrow that such a betrayal could arise from within their own circle.
Catholic Theological Perspective
This passage holds together two essential truths of Catholic theology: divine providence and human freedom. Jesus’ Passion unfolds “as it has been determined,” meaning it is not an accident but part of God’s redemptive plan. Yet Judas’ action remains a personal sin, freely chosen, for which he bears responsibility. God’s sovereignty does not negate human freedom. The presence of betrayal at the Eucharistic table also serves as a solemn warning that sacramental proximity does not automatically imply fidelity of heart. True communion requires conversion, humility, and perseverance in grace.
Parallels in Scripture
Ps 41:10 – “Even my trusted friend… has raised his heel against me.”
Zec 13:7 – The shepherd struck and the sheep scattered.
Mt 26:21–25 – Jesus announces the betrayer at the supper.
Jn 13:18 – Scripture fulfilled in the betrayal by one who shared bread.
Acts 2:23 – Jesus handed over according to God’s definite plan and foreknowledge.
Key Terms
Betray – To hand over someone in violation of trust and love.
Son of Man – Messianic title linking suffering with divine purpose.
Determined – God’s salvific plan unfolding in history.
Woe – A solemn warning expressing moral accountability.
Catholic Liturgical Significance
This passage is proclaimed during Holy Week, particularly in proximity to Holy Thursday and Good Friday. It invites deep examination of conscience before approaching the Eucharist. The Church uses this text to remind the faithful that participation in the sacraments calls for interior fidelity and repentance. It also highlights Christ’s patience and mercy even in the face of betrayal.
Conclusion
At the very table of love and self-gift, betrayal is revealed. Jesus remains steadfast in obedience to the Father, even as He names the gravity of the sin committed against Him. God’s saving plan moves forward, but human freedom remains accountable.
Reflection
Do I approach the Eucharist with a sincere and faithful heart?
Are there ways I betray Christ through indifference, compromise, or sin?
Jesus invites me to honest self-examination and renewed fidelity.
Prayer
Lord Jesus, search my heart and cleanse it of all infidelity. Keep me faithful to You in thought, word, and action. May my participation in the Eucharist deepen my love, repentance, and commitment to follow You always. Amen.