LUKE 3:19–20
HEROD’S REJECTION OF JOHN’S MESSAGE
Text – Luke 3:19–20
19 Now Herod the tetrarch, who had been rebuked by him because of Herodias, his brother’s wife, and because of all the evil deeds Herod had committed,
20 added still another to these by also putting John in prison.
Historical and Jewish Context
Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great, ruled Galilee and Perea as a tetrarch under Roman authority. His marriage to Herodias—his brother Philip’s wife—was considered unlawful under Jewish law (cf. Lv 18:16), and John courageously confronted him. Public rebuke of a ruler was dangerous in ancient societies, especially under tyrants like Herod. John’s imprisonment reflects the political volatility of the time and the risks faced by prophets who challenged moral corruption and injustice.
Catholic Theological Perspective
John’s prophetic duty compelled him to speak truth without fear, even to powerful rulers. This anticipates the Church’s mission to uphold moral truth in every age (CCC 2429, 2471). Herod’s rejection of John symbolizes the resistance encountered by God’s messengers and foreshadows the rejection Jesus Himself will face. John’s imprisonment also prefigures the suffering of disciples who remain faithful to God’s law despite persecution (CCC 523). Although Herod silenced John’s voice, he could not silence God’s plan.
Parallels in Scripture
Lv 18:16 – Unlawfulness of taking a brother’s wife
Mt 14:3–4 – Parallel account explaining John’s rebuke of Herod
Mk 6:17–20 – Herod’s fear of John, knowing he was righteous
Acts 4:18–20 – Apostles refuse to stop preaching despite threats
2 Tim 4:2 – Preach the word “in season and out of season”
Key Terms
Herod the Tetrarch – Ruler of Galilee and Perea under Roman authority
Herodias – Wife of Philip, unlawfully taken by Herod Antipas
Rebuke – Prophetic correction of sin and injustice
Imprisonment – Symbol of resistance to God’s truth
Evil Deeds – Herod’s broader moral corruption beyond his unlawful marriage
Catholic Liturgical Significance
John’s imprisonment is remembered in the liturgy as part of his prophetic witness. His feast days highlight his courage and fidelity to God’s truth, even unto death. This passage is especially relevant during Advent, when John the Baptist is commemorated as the forerunner who prepared the way for Christ through both preaching and suffering.
Conclusion
Herod’s response shows that not everyone welcomes the call to repentance. While the humble received John with openness, the powerful who clung to sin resisted him. John’s imprisonment stands as a testimony to the cost of proclaiming God’s truth, yet it also affirms that no earthly power can hinder God’s saving plan.
Reflection
Do I welcome correction when it reveals areas needing repentance in my life? Am I willing to stand for truth even when it is unpopular or costly? How can I imitate John’s courage in my vocation and relationships?
Prayer
Lord, give me the courage of John the Baptist to stand for Your truth with humility and fidelity. Help me to reject whatever leads me away from You and to embrace conversion of heart. Strengthen me to witness to Your Gospel without fear. Amen.