MATTHEW 20:20-28
THE REQUEST OF JAMES AND JOHN
INTRODUCTION
In Matthew 20:20-28, we encounter a moment of ambition and misunderstanding among Jesus’ closest disciples. The mother of James and John, the sons of Zebedee, approaches Jesus with a bold request on behalf of her sons – that they may sit at His right and left in His kingdom. This request reflects a common expectation among Jesus’ followers that the Messiah would establish a glorious, earthly reign. However, Jesus redirects their understanding, challenging them to consider the true nature of His mission. He asks whether they are prepared to “drink the cup” He will drink, referring to the suffering and sacrifice that will define His path. Their confident response, though sincere, reveals their limited grasp of what discipleship truly entails. Jesus affirms they will share in His suffering but clarifies that positions of honor in His kingdom are determined by the Father, not by human ambition.
This passage serves as a powerful lesson in humility and servant leadership. When the other disciples become indignant at James and John’s request, Jesus takes the opportunity to redefine greatness in God’s kingdom. Unlike the rulers of the world who seek power and control, true greatness comes through service and self-sacrifice. He calls His followers to a life of humility, stating that “whoever wishes to be great among you shall be your servant.” This teaching finds its ultimate example in Christ Himself, who came not to be served but to serve and to give His life as a ransom for many. Through this passage, Jesus challenges us to examine our own ambitions and to embrace the call to serve others with love and humility, following His example.
Matthew 20:20 “Then the mother of the sons of Zebedee approached him with her sons and did him homage, wishing to ask him for something.”
This verse introduces a significant moment in Jesus’ ministry, revealing both human ambition and a misunderstanding of true greatness in God’s Kingdom. The mother of James and John, known as Salome (cf. Matthew 27:56; Mark 15:40), kneels before Jesus with a request for her sons. This action, while demonstrating reverence, also reflects the common Jewish expectation of a Messianic kingdom of earthly power. However, Jesus will soon correct this misunderstanding, teaching that true greatness is found in humility and service, not in status and authority.
Jewish and Historical Context
1. Who Were the Sons of Zebedee?
– James and John were among Jesus’ closest disciples, part of His inner circle with Peter.
– They were present at major events like the Transfiguration (Mt 17:1-2) and the Agony in the Garden (Mt 26:37).
– Jesus gave them the nickname “Sons of Thunder” (Mk 3:17), possibly because of their passionate and sometimes impulsive nature.
2. The Role of a Jewish Mother in Seeking Favor
– In Jewish culture, a mother had a significant role in advocating for her children, particularly in matters of status.
– Salome, the mother of James and John, likely believed Jesus was the Messiah and wanted her sons to have privileged positions in His Kingdom.
– Many Jews expected the Messiah to establish a political kingdom like King David’s rule (Lk 24:21).
3. Bowing in Homage (Greek: προσκυνέω, proskyneō)
– The phrase “did him homage” suggests deep respect, reverence, or worship.
– In biblical usage, this term is often associated with worship of God (Ps 95:6; Rev 22:8-9).
– Salome’s act shows faith in Jesus’ authority but also a misunderstanding of His mission.
Catholic Interpretation and Teachings
1. Seeking Earthly Honor vs. True Discipleship
– James and John’s mother seeks worldly status for her sons, but Jesus’ Kingdom is based on humility and sacrifice (Mt 20:25-28).
– The Catechism teaches that true greatness comes through serving others, not seeking power (CCC 786).
2. Jesus as the True King, Not an Earthly Ruler
– Many expected the Messiah to be a political leader, but Jesus came as a suffering servant (Isa 53:3-5).
– Later, Jesus clarifies: “My kingdom is not of this world.” (Jn 18:36)
3. A Lesson in Humility and Trust in God’s Plan
– This passage teaches that we must seek God’s will rather than our own ambition.
– The Catechism states: “Christ’s disciples are to conform themselves to Him until He is formed in them.” (CCC 562)
– Are we serving Christ for personal gain, or are we following Him with a humble heart?
Parallel Bible Passages
1. The Disciples’ Desire for Greatness
– Mark 10:35-45 – This passage presents the same request, but James and John personally ask Jesus, emphasizing their ambition.
– Luke 22:24-27 – At the Last Supper, the disciples argue about who is the greatest, revealing their continued struggle to grasp Jesus’ message.
2. A Contrast with Mary’s Humility
– While Salome seeks status for her sons, Mary, the mother of Jesus, humbly submits to God’s will at the Annunciation (Lk 1:38).
– True discipleship requires surrender, not ambition.
Reflection
Do we serve Christ for personal gain, or do we follow Him out of love and humility?
This passage challenges us to examine our motives. Like the mother of James and John, we sometimes seek earthly rewards rather than spiritual growth.
Are we willing to trust God’s plan, even if it leads to sacrifice rather than honor?
Prayer
Heavenly Father, help us to seek Your will above our own desires. Teach us to embrace humility, knowing that true greatness comes through service and love. Like Your Son, may we surrender our ambitions and trust in Your divine plan. Grant us the grace to serve You faithfully, seeking only to glorify Your name. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Matthew 20:21 “He said to her, ‘What do you wish?’ She answered him, ‘Command that these two sons of mine sit, one at your right and the other at your left, in your kingdom.’”
This verse captures a revealing moment in Jesus’ ministry, where the mother of James and John makes an ambitious request on behalf of her sons. She desires positions of honor for them in what she believes will be Jesus’ earthly reign. However, this request reflects a misunderstanding of Jesus’ Kingdom, which is not about power and status but about humility, service, and sacrifice. Jesus will soon clarify that true greatness in His Kingdom is not about privilege but about willingness to suffer and serve others.
Jewish and Historical Context
1. The Cultural Significance of Sitting at the Right and Left Hand
– In Jewish tradition, sitting at the right hand of a king signified the highest place of honor and authority.
– Psalm 110:1 states: “Sit at my right hand while I make your enemies your footstool.” This messianic prophecy associates the right-hand position with divine power.
– The left-hand position was also prestigious, though slightly lower than the right. In royal courts, the most trusted advisors sat at the ruler’s right and left, positions of great privilege.
2. The Mother’s Misunderstanding of Jesus’ Kingdom
– The mother of James and John (traditionally identified as Salome, cf. Matthew 27:56; Mark 15:40) still views Jesus’ Kingdom in earthly terms.
– Many Jews expected the Messiah to establish a political kingdom like King David’s reign (Lk 24:21).
– Salome’s request assumes that Jesus’ Kingdom will function like an earthly monarchy, where power is distributed among key figures.
3. The Sons’ Role in Apostolic Leadership
– James and John were among Jesus’ closest disciples (along with Peter).
– James would later become the first apostle to be martyred (Acts 12:2), and John would endure persecution and exile (Rev 1:9).
– Their initial desire for honor transformed into humble service, fulfilling Jesus’ teaching that true leadership is rooted in self-sacrifice.
Catholic Interpretation and Teachings
1. The Nature of Christ’s Kingdom
– Jesus’ response (Mt 20:22-23) corrects the misunderstanding:
– His kingdom is not of this world (Jn 18:36). True greatness is not about power but about service (Mt 20:26).
– The Catechism teaches that Christ’s kingship is based on humility, not dominance: “The true meaning of his kingship is revealed only when he is raised high on the cross.” (CCC 440)
2. The Call to Servanthood, Not Status
– Jesus teaches that the greatest in His Kingdom is the one who serves (Mt 23:11-12).
– James and John’s ambition was transformed – James died as a martyr, and John dedicated his life to spreading the Gospel.
– The Church reminds us: “The desire for true greatness must be purified, turning from ambition to self-giving.” (CCC 786)
3. Sharing in Christ’s Suffering
– Jesus asks if they can drink His cup (Mt 20:22), referring to His Passion and sacrifice.
– This prefigures the suffering that all disciples must endure:
– James was beheaded for his faith (Acts 12:2).
– John suffered exile on the island of Patmos (Rev 1:9).
– Catholic teaching affirms that discipleship means sharing in Christ’s suffering (CCC 618).
Parallel Bible Passages
1. Similar Requests for Power in the Gospels
– In Mark 10:35-45, James and John personally make the request, emphasizing their own ambition.
– Luke 22:24-27 – At the Last Supper, the disciples still argue about who is the greatest, showing their continued struggle to understand Jesus’ mission.
2. True Greatness in Christ’s Kingdom
– Jesus says: “Whoever humbles himself like this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven” (Mt 18:4).
– Mary’s humility contrasts sharply with the ambition of James and John’s mother: Instead of seeking status, Mary responds: “Let it be done to me according to your word” (Lk 1:38).
Reflection
Do we seek positions of honor, or do we humbly serve as Christ taught?
Like James and John, we often desire recognition, leadership, or status – even within the Church. But Jesus calls us to humility and service, not worldly power.
True greatness in God’s Kingdom is not found in titles or privileges but in loving sacrifice and service.
Are we willing to follow Christ even when it means suffering, sacrifice, or going unnoticed?
Prayer
Heavenly Father, teach us to seek humility rather than honor, service rather than status. Transform our hearts to desire Your will above our own ambitions. May we follow Christ’s example, embracing sacrifice and love. Let us strive not for power but for holiness, knowing that true greatness is found in serving You and others. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Matthew 20:22 “Jesus said in reply, ‘You do not know what you are asking. Can you drink the cup that I am going to drink?’ They said to him, ‘We can.’”
This verse follows the request made by the mother of James and John for her sons to have places of honor in Jesus’ Kingdom (Mt 20:21). In His response, Jesus corrects their misunderstanding, emphasizing that glory in His Kingdom is not about power, but about suffering and sacrifice. The “cup” symbolizes Jesus’ Passion and the suffering that true discipleship entails. James and John, though eager, do not yet grasp the full cost of following Christ.
Jewish and Historical Context
1. The Symbolism of the “Cup” in Jewish Thought
– In Jewish tradition, the “cup” often symbolized one’s destiny, suffering, or divine judgment.
– The Psalms describe the cup as a metaphor for both blessings and wrath:
– “The LORD is my allotted portion and my cup.” (Ps 16:5) – Symbolizing divine favor.
– “For in the hand of the LORD is a cup, foaming wine, fully spiced, which he pours out upon the wicked.” (Ps 75:9) – Representing God’s judgment.
– In the Old Testament, drinking from a cup often symbolized accepting one’s fate, whether divine judgment or blessing (Isa 51:17; Jer 25:15).
2. Jesus’ “Cup” as His Suffering and Death
– Jesus uses the “cup” as a metaphor for His upcoming Passion – His suffering, crucifixion, and death (Mt 26:39).
– Drinking from this cup means embracing the suffering that comes with fulfilling God’s will.
3. The Disciples’ Misunderstanding of Jesus’ Mission
– James and John (through their mother’s request, Matthew 20:20-21) were seeking glory and high status, assuming that Jesus’ Kingdom would be a political kingdom like David’s.
– However, Jesus corrects them – the path to His Kingdom requires suffering, humility, and self-sacrifice (Jn 18:36).
– Their response, “We can,” shows their eagerness but also their lack of understanding of the suffering Jesus would endure.
Catholic Interpretation and Teachings
1. The Cup as a Call to Suffering and Discipleship
– Jesus invites His followers to share in His suffering: “Whoever wishes to come after me must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me” (Mt 16:24).
– The Catechism teaches: “Jesus calls His disciples to ‘take up [their] cross and follow [Him]’ (Mt 16:24), for ‘Christ also suffered for [us], leaving [us] an example so that [we] should follow in His steps’ (1 Pet 2:21)” (CCC 618).
2. Martyrdom: The Fulfillment of Their Answer
– James and John did eventually drink the cup of suffering:
– James was the first apostle to be martyred, executed by King Herod Agrippa (Acts 12:2).
– John suffered persecution and was exiled to Patmos (Rev 1:9).
– Their initial ambition for power transformed into a willingness to sacrifice for Christ – a model for true Christian discipleship.
3. The Eucharistic Connection: Christ’s Cup of the New Covenant
– Jesus would later use the imagery of the cup at the Last Supper, linking it to His sacrificial death: “This is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins” (Mt 26:28).
– The Church teaches that every Mass is a participation in Christ’s sacrifice – we are called to unite our sufferings with His (CCC 1368).
Parallel Bible Passages
1. Jesus’ Prayer in Gethsemane (Mt 26:39, 42)
– In the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus prays: “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me; yet, not as I will, but as you will.”
– This shows the depth of suffering Jesus would endure and His complete obedience to the Father’s will.
2. Paul’s Suffering for Christ (2 Cor 11:23-27)
– Like James and John, St. Paul also accepted the cup of suffering, enduring:
– Imprisonment
– Beatings
– Shipwrecks
– Persecution for the Gospel.
– His life exemplifies how true discipleship often involves trials (CCC 2015).
Reflection
Are we willing to drink the cup of suffering with Christ?
Many want the glory of being a Christian but hesitate when it requires sacrifice. This passage challenges us to embrace humility, suffering, and self-denial for the sake of the Gospel.
We must ask: Are we ready to follow Christ, not just in blessings, but also in trials?
Prayer
Heavenly Father, You sent Your Son to show us the way of true discipleship. Give us the courage to drink the cup of suffering when You call us to it. Teach us to follow Christ’s example of love, sacrifice, and obedience, trusting in Your divine plan. May we seek not power or prestige, but humble service in Your name. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Matthew 20:23 “He replied, ‘My cup you will indeed drink, but to sit at my right and at my left, this is not mine to give but is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father.’”
This verse follows James and John’s ambitious request, made through their mother, to sit at Jesus’ right and left in His Kingdom (Mt 20:21). Jesus responds by acknowledging that they will share in His suffering but clarifies that positions of honor are determined by the Father. This passage highlights the cost of discipleship, divine sovereignty, and the true nature of greatness in God’s Kingdom.
Jewish and Historical Context
1. The Symbolism of “The Cup”
– The “cup” in Jewish tradition often symbolized one’s fate, suffering, or divine judgment.
– In the Old Testament, God’s cup represented both blessing and wrath:
– “For in the hand of the LORD is a cup, foaming wine, fully spiced, which he pours out upon the wicked.” (Ps 75:9)
– “I will take the cup of salvation and call on the name of the Lord.” (Ps 116:13)
– Jesus confirms that James and John will indeed share in His suffering – a reference to their future martyrdom and trials (Acts 12:2; Rev 1:9).
2. The Authority of the Father in Jewish Thought
– In ancient Judaism, God the Father was the ultimate authority over divine rewards and judgments.
– Jesus, in His human nature, submits to the Father’s will, reflecting the perfect obedience of the Son (Jn 5:19).
– This echoes Daniel 7:14, where the Messiah receives His kingdom from the Ancient of Days (God the Father).
3. Sitting at the Right and Left Hand of a King
– In Jewish culture, positions at the right and left of a king were places of honor and authority (1 Kgs 2:19).
– James and John’s request shows they still misunderstand Jesus’ mission – they expect earthly power, not suffering.
– Instead, Jesus will be enthroned on the cross, with two criminals on His right and left (Mt 27:38) – a stark contrast to what they were asking.
Catholic Interpretation and Teachings
1. The Call to Suffering and Martyrdom
– Jesus confirms that James and John will “drink the cup” – meaning they will experience suffering for the sake of the Gospel.
– This foreshadows:
– James’ martyrdom by Herod Agrippa (Acts 12:2).
– John’s exile on Patmos for preaching Christ (Rev 1:9).
– The Catechism teaches that discipleship involves sharing in Christ’s suffering (CCC 618).
2. The Father’s Sovereignty in the Kingdom
– Jesus acknowledges that assigning places in heaven belongs to the Father, showing the unity yet distinction within the Trinity.
– The Church teaches that Christ, in His humanity, obeys the will of the Father perfectly (CCC 606).
– This passage highlights God’s divine plan – places of honor in His Kingdom are prepared by the Father according to His will, not human ambition.
3. True Greatness is Found in Service, Not Status
– Jesus redirects the ambition of James and John – true leadership in the Kingdom is not about power, but about humble service (Mt 20:26-28).
– The Catechism states: “The greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven are those who make themselves least and servants of all.” (CCC 786)
– This teaching contrasts worldly ambition with the call to humility and self-sacrificial love.
Parallel Bible Passages
1. Jesus’ Prayer in Gethsemane
– Jesus drinks the cup of suffering fully in His Passion: “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me; yet, not as I will, but as you will” (Mt 26:39).
– Unlike James and John, Jesus fully understands the cost of discipleship – He surrenders completely to the Father’s plan.
2. The Thieves on Jesus’ Right and Left
– Ironically, those who end up at Jesus’ right and left are two criminals on crosses (Mt 27:38).
– This shows that true glory in the Kingdom comes through suffering, not earthly honor.
3. Paul’s Teaching on Suffering for Christ
– St. Paul echoes Jesus’ teaching: “If we suffer with him, we will also be glorified with him” (Rom 8:17).
– This affirms that our path to glory is through sharing in Christ’s Passion.
Reflection
Are we willing to drink the cup of suffering for Christ?
Like James and John, we often desire positions of honor but resist the sacrifices required to follow Jesus.
This passage calls us to embrace suffering with faith—trusting that through it, we will share in Christ’s glory.
Do we seek personal status in the Church, or are we ready to serve humbly, even when it means suffering?
Prayer
Heavenly Father, You call us not to seek power, but to serve. Give us the courage to drink the cup You place before us, trusting that through suffering, we are drawn closer to You. May we follow Christ’s example of humility, sacrifice, and obedience, knowing that true greatness comes through love and service. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Matthew 20:24 “When the ten heard this, they became indignant at the two brothers.”
This verse reveals the reaction of the other ten disciples upon hearing James and John’s request for positions of honor in Jesus’ Kingdom. Their indignation reflects human tendencies toward jealousy, rivalry, and ambition, even among those closest to Jesus. It sets the stage for Jesus’ teaching on true leadership, humility, and service in the Kingdom of God.
Jewish and Historical Context
1. The Disciples’ Indignation and Jealousy
– James and John’s request (through their mother, Matthew 20:21) for status and power sparked resentment among the other disciples.
– In Jewish culture, positions of honor and authority were highly valued, especially in religious and political leadership. The disciples still thought Jesus would establish an earthly kingdom, where roles of power would be distributed.
– Their indignation reflects a competitive mindset, assuming that James and John were attempting to secure special privileges.
2. Status and Leadership in Ancient Jewish Society
– Religious leaders like the Pharisees and Sadducees often sought honor and influence over others. The disciples may have expected similar hierarchical structures in Jesus’ kingdom.
– Jesus, however, redefined leadership. He would soon teach that true leadership is not about power but service (Mt 20:25-28).
– This verse highlights how Jesus’ closest followers were still learning to detach from worldly ambition and embrace a spiritual vision of leadership.
Catholic Interpretation and Teachings
1. Overcoming Jealousy and Rivalry in the Church
– The disciples’ reaction reflects a universal human struggle – the temptation to compare ourselves to others and desire recognition.
– The Catechism of the Catholic Church warns against envy, which it defines as: “Sadness at the sight of another’s goods and the immoderate desire to acquire them for oneself, even unjustly.” (CCC 2539)
– Instead of competing for recognition, Christians are called to rejoice in the gifts and successes of others and work together in humility (Rom 12:10).
2. True Leadership in Christ’s Kingdom
– Jesus’ response to their indignation would soon redefine leadership as service (Mt 20:25-28).
– Catholic teaching emphasizes that the greatest in the Church are those who serve:
– Jesus washing the disciples’ feet (Jn 13:12-15) as a model of servant leadership.
– Saints like St. Teresa of Calcutta, who exemplified selfless love rather than ambition.
– The Catechism reminds us: “The greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven are those who make themselves least and servants of all.” (CCC 786)
3. The Call to Humility and Unity
– Jesus’ lesson here is not just about leadership but about relationships within the Church.
– St. Paul writes: “Do nothing out of selfishness or vainglory; rather, humbly regard others as more important than yourselves” (Phil 2:3).
– The Church is strongest when its members uplift and support each other, rather than seeking personal status.
Parallel Bible Passages
1. The Disciples Argue Over Who is the Greatest (Lk 22:24-27)
– At the Last Supper, the disciples again argue over who is the greatest, showing they still struggled with ambition.
– Jesus corrects them: “Let the greatest among you be as the youngest, and the leader as the servant” (Lk 22:26).
2. Cain and Abel – The First Jealous Rivalry (Gen 4:3-8)
– Cain was jealous of Abel’s favor with God, just as the ten disciples were jealous of James and John’s request.
– Envy leads to division and sin, while humility leads to peace and grace.
3. St. Paul on Love and Unity (1 Cor 12:12-26).
– St. Paul describes the Church as one body with many parts, where all are equally important.
– There should be no division or competition, but unity in Christ.
Reflection
Are we seeking recognition and status, or are we content to serve in humility?
Do we compare ourselves to others in the Church, or do we rejoice in their gifts and calling?
Jesus reminds us that true greatness is found not in seeking power but in selfless love.
Let us ask for the grace to be humble servants rather than ambitious competitors in God’s Kingdom.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, teach us to seek humility rather than status, service rather than recognition. Remove envy from our hearts and help us rejoice in the calling of others. May we follow Christ’s example of selfless love, working together in unity to build Your Kingdom. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Matthew 20:25 “But Jesus summoned them and said, ‘You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and the great ones make their authority over them felt.’”
This verse is a pivotal teaching from Jesus, spoken in response to a dispute among His disciples about positions of honor in His Kingdom. Jesus contrasts the oppressive leadership of worldly rulers with the kind of leadership He calls His followers to embrace – one rooted in humility and service.
Historical and Jewish Context
1. Leadership in the Ancient World
– In the first-century Jewish and Roman world, leadership was commonly associated with power, control, and self-advancement.
– Gentile rulers (such as the Romans and local kings like Herod) exercised authority through military force, heavy taxation, and oppression.
– The disciples, like many Jews of their time, likely expected that Jesus as the Messiah would establish a political kingdom similar to that of King David, overthrowing Roman rule.
2. Jesus’ Radical Challenge to Worldly Leadership
– Jesus rejects the model of power-based leadership and calls His disciples to a leadership style based on love, humility, and service.
– His words directly contrast the Jewish expectation of a warrior Messiah with His mission as a suffering servant (Isa 53:3-7).
– Instead of domination, He calls His followers to sacrificial leadership.
Catholic Interpretation and Teachings
1. Leadership is Rooted in Service, Not Power
– Jesus criticizes secular leadership that thrives on control and status.
– Christian leadership must follow the example of Christ, who came not to be served, but to serve (Mt 20:28).
– The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches: “The Church’s leadership is a service modeled after Christ, who came ‘not to be served but to serve.’” (CCC 786)
2. A Warning Against the Abuse of Authority
– Jesus warns against using power for personal gain – a warning relevant to all leaders:
– Religious leaders (Mt 23:4-7) who impose burdens on people without compassion.
– Political rulers who prioritize control over justice.
– Church leaders who forget that their vocation is to serve, not seek recognition.
3. Christ as the Model of Servant Leadership
– Unlike worldly rulers, Jesus led by example, washing His disciples’ feet (Jn 13:12-15).
– The Catechism reinforces this truth: “Christ did not come to rule by power but by love and humility.” (CCC 608)
– All Christians – whether parents, teachers, priests, or community leaders – are called to this model of leadership.
Parallels in Scripture
1. Jesus Before Pilate: A Different Kingdom
– When questioned by Pontius Pilate, Jesus declares: “My kingdom does not belong to this world” (Jn 18:36).
– Earthly rulers seek political and military power, but Jesus’ Kingdom is built on truth, love, and sacrifice.
2. St. Paul’s Teaching on Humility in Leadership
– St. Paul urges all Christians to imitate Christ’s humility: “Have among yourselves the same attitude that is also yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not regard equality with God something to be grasped” (Phil 2:5-6).
– True Christian leadership mirrors Christ’s humility, not worldly ambition.
3. Jesus’ Rebuke of the Pharisees’ Abuse of Power
– Jesus condemns religious leaders who prioritize status over service: “They tie up heavy burdens [hard to carry] and lay them on people’s shoulders, but they will not lift a finger to move them” (Mt 23:4).
– True Christian leadership helps, rather than burdens, others.
Reflection
Are we seeking power, control, and recognition, or are we leading with humility and love?
Jesus’ words challenge us to examine our attitudes toward leadership. Whether in our families, workplaces, or Church communities, we are called to serve, not to be served.
Do we lead like Christ, the Servant-King?
Prayer
Heavenly Father, teach us to lead as Christ led – with humility, love, and service. Remove from our hearts any desire for power and replace it with a deep longing to serve others. May we follow the example of Jesus, who gave His life for all, and may we be faithful witnesses of Your Kingdom. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Matthew 20:26-27 “But it shall not be so among you. Rather, whoever wishes to be great among you shall be your servant; whoever wishes to be first among you shall be your slave.”
This passage follows Jesus’ teaching in Matthew 20:25, where He contrasts the oppressive leadership of the Gentile rulers with the servant leadership He calls His disciples to embrace. Here, He presents a radical reversal of worldly values – true greatness is not about power and authority but about humility and service.
Jewish and Historical Context
1. Leadership in Jewish and Roman Society
– In first-century Jewish culture, leadership was often associated with status, privilege, and authority. Religious leaders like the Pharisees enjoyed titles and public recognition (Mt 23:6-7).
– Roman rule exemplified power and control, with rulers governing through military force and taxation.
– The disciples, influenced by their cultural context, expected the Messiah to rule as a political king, bringing liberation from Rome. Instead, Jesus redefines leadership as self-sacrificial service.
2. The Radical Teaching of Servant Leadership
– Jesus flips the world’s definition of greatness – true leaders do not dominate but serve.
– The Greek word διάκονος (diakonos), translated as “servant,” refers to one who actively serves others, similar to how deacons serve in the Church today.
– The word δοῦλος (doulos), meaning “slave,” conveys total devotion to the needs of others. Jesus calls His followers to absolute self-giving love.
Catholic Interpretation and Teachings
1. Servant Leadership as the Mark of a Disciple
– Jesus does not condemn ambition but redirects it toward service. True greatness comes from humility, not self-exaltation.
– Jesus Himself provides the perfect model: “I have given you a model to follow so that as I have done for you, you should also do” (Jn 13:14-15).
– The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) states: “Christ’s whole life is a mystery of service: He did not come to be served, but to serve.” (CCC 515)
2. Christian Leadership is Rooted in Humility and Sacrifice
– Jesus’ teaching directly challenges the pursuit of status and power. Instead of ruling over others, Christian leaders must serve them.
– Pope St. Gregory the Great called himself “Servus Servorum Dei” (Servant of the Servants of God), a title still used by popes today.
– The Catechism reinforces this teaching: “Those who exercise authority should do so as a service.” (CCC 2235)
3. The Greatest Saints Were the Greatest Servants
– St. Mother Teresa, St. Francis of Assisi, and St. John Paul II all lived lives of humility and service.
– True leadership in the Church is not about power but about self-giving love.
Parallel Bible Passages
1. The Greatest Commandment (Mt 22:37-39)
– Loving God and neighbor is the foundation of Christian service.
2. The Last Shall Be First (Mt 19:30)
– Jesus teaches that worldly rankings are reversed in His Kingdom.
3. St. Paul on Christ’s Humility (Phil 2:5-8)
– Paul highlights Jesus as the ultimate example of humility and servanthood.
Reflection
Jesus’ teaching challenges us to ask:
– Do we seek recognition, or do we serve others with humility?
– Are we willing to put others before ourselves?
– How can we lead in our families, workplaces, and Church communities by serving rather than seeking status?
True greatness is not measured by power but by self-giving love. Are we willing to be last in the world so we can be first in the Kingdom of God?
Prayer
Heavenly Father, teach us to lead as Jesus led – with humility, love, and service. Remove from our hearts the desire for status and replace it with a longing to serve others. Help us to follow Christ’s example, knowing that true greatness comes through self-giving love. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Matthew 20:28 “Just so, the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many.”
This verse encapsulates the heart of Jesus’ mission – He came not to assert worldly power, but to offer Himself in service and sacrifice. In a world where leadership was associated with dominance, Jesus presents a radically different vision: true greatness comes through humility, service, and self-giving love.
Jewish and Historical Context
1. The “Son of Man” as a Messianic Title
– Jesus often refers to Himself as the “Son of Man”, a title drawn from Daniel 7:13-14, where a divine figure is given eternal kingship.
– However, unlike the Jewish expectation of a political Messiah, Jesus redefines this role – instead of conquering, He comes to suffer, serve, and save (Isa 53:3-7).
2. The Meaning of “Ransom” in Jewish Thought
– The Greek word λύτρον (lytron), translated as “ransom,” refers to the price paid to free a slave or captive.
– In the Old Testament, a ransom could be paid to redeem someone from punishment (Ex 21:30, Lev 25:48).
– Jesus applies this concept to Himself – He is the price paid for our liberation from sin and death.
3. The Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53
– Jesus fulfills Isaiah’s prophecy of the Servant who suffers and saves: “He bore the punishment that makes us whole” (Isa 53:5).
– Just as the Passover lamb saved the Israelites (Ex 12:5-13), Jesus becomes the true Lamb of God (Jn 1:29).
Catholic Interpretation and Teachings
1. Christ as the Servant-King
– Unlike worldly rulers, Jesus embraces servanthood rather than domination (Phil 2:6-7).
– His leadership is based on love and sacrifice, fulfilling His own words: “Whoever wishes to be great among you shall be your servant” (Mt 20:26).
– The Catechism teaches: “By His obedience unto death, Jesus accomplished the substitution of the suffering Servant” (CCC 615).
2. The Ransom: Christ’s Death as Redemption
– Jesus’ death on the cross is the ultimate act of redemption, freeing humanity from sin: “In Him we have redemption by His blood, the forgiveness of transgressions” (Eph 1:7).
– The Catechism confirms: “Jesus gave His life as a ransom for many; this ‘many’ is without exclusion” (CCC 605).
3. “For Many” – Salvation is Offered to All
– Some may ask why Jesus says “for many” instead of “for all.” The phrase comes from Isaiah 53:11-12, where “many” does not mean a limited group but rather the outcome of Christ’s redemption.
– God offers salvation to all, but each person must choose to accept it (Jn 3:16; 1 Tim 2:6).
– Jesus reaffirms this at the Last Supper: “This is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins” (Mt 26:28).
4. The Call to Imitate Christ’s Self-Giving Love
– As disciples, we are called to serve as Jesus served:
– In marriage (Eph 5:25) – husbands are called to love their wives as Christ loved the Church and gave Himself up for her.
– In religious life and service – priests, nuns, and laypeople offer their lives for the Gospel.
– In daily life – we are called to serve others selflessly, without seeking recognition.
Parallel Bible Passages
1. The Good Shepherd Lays Down His Life (Jn 10:11, 15)
– Jesus compares Himself to a shepherd who willingly lays down His life for His sheep – an image of His self-giving sacrifice.
2. Jesus’ Last Supper Words (Mt 26:28)
– At the Last Supper, Jesus echoes this verse: “This is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins.”
– The Eucharist is our ongoing participation in Christ’s ransom sacrifice (CCC 1367).
3. The Kenosis Hymn (Phil 2:5-8)
– St. Paul beautifully describes Jesus’ humility and obedience: “He emptied Himself, taking the form of a slave.”
– This is the model for true Christian discipleship.
Reflection
Are we living to serve others, or do we seek to be served?
Jesus’ words challenge us to reject pride and selfish ambition, embracing a life of humility and love.
Are we willing to lay down our lives in love for others, just as Jesus did?
True discipleship means choosing service over status, love over power, and humility over recognition.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, You sent Your Son not to be served, but to serve and to give His life for us. Teach us to follow His example of humility and love. Help us to seek not personal glory, but selfless service. May we live each day as a gift to others, reflecting the heart of Christ in all we do. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
CONCLUSION
The passage of Matthew 20:20-28 offers a profound lesson on humility, discipleship, and the nature of true greatness in God’s Kingdom. James and John, through their mother, sought positions of honor, reflecting a common misunderstanding of the Messiah’s mission as an earthly ruler. Jesus, however, redirects their ambition, teaching that greatness is not found in status or power but in service and self-sacrifice. He challenges His disciples—and all of us—to move beyond worldly aspirations and embrace a life of humility, where leadership is defined not by dominance but by a willingness to serve others. The ultimate example of this is Christ Himself, who came “not to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many” (Mt 20:28). His sacrificial love on the cross becomes the model for Christian discipleship, calling us to live lives of self-giving love and faithful service.
This passage also reminds us that suffering is part of the journey of discipleship. Jesus’ question, “Can you drink the cup that I am going to drink?”, is an invitation to share in His sacrifice, accepting both the joys and the trials that come with following Him. James and John, though initially seeking glory, would later embody this call – James through martyrdom and John through a life of faithful witness. Their transformation mirrors our own spiritual journey, as we learn to set aside personal ambition and embrace the call to serve. In our daily lives, whether in our families, workplaces, or communities, we are called to imitate Christ’s humility and love, knowing that true greatness lies in serving others and giving our lives for the sake of the Gospel.
PRAYER
Heavenly Father, You have shown us through Your Son that true greatness is found not in power, but in humble service. Teach us to seek not honor, but holiness; not status, but selfless love. Give us the strength to follow Christ’s example, embracing both the joys and sacrifices of discipleship. May we drink the cup You place before us with faith and trust, knowing that through service and sacrifice, we draw closer to You. Transform our hearts, Lord, so that we may serve others with love and humility, always seeking to glorify Your name. We ask this through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.